Should tempos in the summertime be faster?
Last week I heard two performances of the Mussorgsky/Ravel “Pictures at an Exhibition,” the first at the Hollywood Bowl conducted by Gustavo Dudamel and the second at Verizon Wireless Amphitheater conducted by Carl St.Clair. I didn’t mind. I like the piece, and unlike some others, never seem to tire of it. Both were satisfactory readings, and sometimes even better.
But there were moments in both performances where I couldn’t help thinking to myself, “OK, get on with it already.”
Neither conductor took unduly slow tempos, though both resorted to a rather stately pace now and then.
I think those tempos (the stately ones) would have worked better indoors.
Outdoors, with the unfortunately necessary amplification in place, a listener does not feel the full effect of a slower tempo, as one does indoors. For one thing, the music just doesn’t sound as good on a purely sensual level; the color is sapped and the power falsely boosted by the amplification.
A listener is more focused on line outdoors, rather than things like the orchestration, color, atmosphere.
Secondly, outdoors, the repertoire tends to be thrice familiar. Transitional passages bore, partly because we already know where they are going and want to get there (though that would also hold for indoor performances, to a degree) and partly because they don’t always have the interest of the main line of the argument, to which I have already asserted the listener is more focused on in al fresco concerts. Also, whatever purely sonorous interest these transitional passages may have is, again, sapped.
(I once was chatting with Pierre Boulez about Mahler’s Fifth Symphony, which he said had some weak passages therein. We didn’t get into where they were, but I asked him what he did, as a conductor, during those passages. He said simply, “I go faster.” I thought he was being funny for a split second, but he was completely serious.)
I found the “Promenades,” or many of them, tedious, in both Dudamel’s and St.Clair’s accounts of “Pictures.” I wanted them to get on with it already. The “Promenades” are, at least in part, transitional passages, and though hardly weak in indoor performances, seemed to just be marking time (no pun intended) outdoors.
Now, any conductor worth his salt will take into consideration the acoustics of a hall in setting tempos for a piece. Most conductors probably do it without even thinking about it. I doubt Dudamel or St.Clair could hear what the music sounded like out in the amphitheaters, however, so they may not have even thought about it, and just went ahead and laid on us their indoor interpretations of “Pictures”.
That is interesting, and funny, about Boulez.
I hadn’t thought about tempos indoors and out, but it makes sense. I definitely have a different feeling for music played outdoors because the outdoor sound is never as full or as good as in a concert hall.
By the way, that image is of Manzanar, isn’t it?
Yes, it’s Manzanar. You have a good eye, MM.
Interesting thought. For me the most convincing argument is the difference in sound.
It was always my opinion that, because of the dimensional limitations of sound when it comes from electronic equipment, tempos should be faster for recordings than for live concert hall performances. This is less relevant these days because sound reproduction systems are very good and they mimic concert hall sound better than ever before. Since in outdoor venues sound goes through amplification and comes to the listeners mostly from speakers, the effect is similar to recordings and therefore the same reasoning applies – slightly faster tempos may work better in many cases. In general acoustical terms, the longer the reverberation, the slower the tempos should be. The difference in repertoire is not really a valid point of reference because you can only compare tempos in the same piece.
As for Boulez’s remark, it seems absolutely obvious and true to me. My opinion has always been that the lower the quality of the music, the faster (relatively, of course – say, in relation to the tempo intended by the composer) it should be performed.
Should tempos in the summertime be faster? Probably yes, for the same reason that people eat spicy food and watch horror movies in the summer. Working up a sweat cools you down.
The above does not apply to Gerswin’s “Summertime”, of course.
MDM
Yes, “Summertime” is ALWAYS too slow.
Regardless of the season I tend to prefer quicker tempi. Nothing ruins a beautiful piece like an over slow pace…one example would be Bernstein doing Barber’s adagio. On the other hand I read something about how Boulez approves of his pieces sometimes being conducted far slower than indicated…saying something along the lines of “I compose with fire…but I conduct with water”.
I don’t view outdoor summer concerts the way I do “regular season” concerts. People talk and drop wine bottles, letting them bounce loudly down the steps. I used to get frustrated by this, but now I just enjoy the music as part of the overall scene. After the pre-concert picnic with lots of wine, I am usually feeling pretty mellow by the time the concert starts. Tempi are the least of my concerns.
But seriously, late Bernstein performances drive me crazy…